registration in the doctor's medical report to the "sterilization" by Erna on Kronshage the "active" treatment with cardiazol cramps : "After Cardiazolbehandlung quieter" - and - " after a single exposure to the treatment again now restless, almost constantly in motor excitation " - at night - "loud senseless speeches ... shrugs with his hands and his head "...
especially feared in the patients was that of Ladislaus Joseph von Meduna invented Cardiazol or Metrazolschock that among the psychiatrists of the time with in the list of "active" medical treatment at that time counted was in addition to work therapy and insulin shock, and later the electric shocks. The patients experienced these treatments with synthetic camphor fear of death. .
from a relevant specialist literature of the time: "After the injection was the patient first few minutes at rest, was then inside a bit restless and got some twitching of the face to talk, she was not moving, they had but the impression that she experienced something unpleasant After ½ hour, she suddenly sat up in bed, got a very anxious expression, trying to escape and called out. "Mama, Mama, help, I must stifle"
from a relevant specialist literature of the time: "After the injection was the patient first few minutes at rest, was then inside a bit restless and got some twitching of the face to talk, she was not moving, they had but the impression that she experienced something unpleasant After ½ hour, she suddenly sat up in bed, got a very anxious expression, trying to escape and called out. "Mama, Mama, help, I must stifle"
. Such attacks occurred in the next 10 minutes or three times. The second time, the patient vomited, although she had enjoyed that day were nothing - a thin, kotähnliche masses. [...] An improvement of the schizophrenic state of the image was not seen afterwards. "
The psychiatrist knew what they were doing (or not ...), and as it to this" active intervention "form of treatment. A doctor in Hamburg wrote: "This is the ... Cardiazolschock a brutal plenty of somatic intervention, which essentially represents something completely alien and personality, thus it is the psychological interpretation. "The disease to be treated as" schizophrenic " was puzzling and the effect of the treatment is unknown, but it was more shocked.
A so-called "fresh" schizophrenia was mostly with 10 - to address 12, some with up to 20/30 cardiazol cramps, reports the contemporary literature. It is called a frequency of 2-3 grand mal seizures per week, or a 'series' of 4-6 rapid series of convulsive events.
Meduna studied at the beginning of his research, the brain and the medical history of schizophrenia and epilepsy, and found that there seemed a "biological antagonism" between these Both are diseases of the brain. Meduna then closed it, that "pure" artificially induced epileptic seizures might be able to "cure" schizophrenia.
Then he began to different types of tests with cramp-inducing drugs on animals and then in patients. His goal was to be completely controllable and reproducible manner to achieve cramps. The first substance, which he investigated in 1934, camphor, but the results were not reliable. He also tested strychnine, thebaine, and Pentilenetetrazol pilocarpine (also known as metrazol or Cardiazol) in which he always injected intramuscularly. But Medunas itself ambitious goals he achieved only when he experimented with intravenous injections of metrazol / Cardiazol. The convulsions, the convulsions, was rapid and severe, and were dose-dependent. After a series of 110 cases Meduna could indicate a relief of 50%, with remarkable improvements and even "dramatic healings.
Meduna shared his findings at a symposium at Münsingen, Switzerland, in 1937. From that point on, two camps of psychiatrists in relation to physiological shock therapy were identified: Those who defended the insulin-coma therapy and those who only carries out with metrazol / Cardiazol the seizure treatment. Metrazol / Cardiazol was cheaper, safer and much easier to use, actually trigger seizures. An insulin coma on the other hand required five to nine hours of management time, but it was easy to control and stop with injections of glucose or adrenaline if necessary. Metrazol / Cardiazol was against it should be strengthened and difficult. The insulin therapy caused fewer side effects while Metrazol / cardiazol cramps were so severe that they could cause fractures of the spine of the patient.
Meduna adopted by the antagonism between
between epilepsy and schizophrenia could be in the 50 years er/60er not maintain scientific. It was thought then that the centrally induced convulsions would relieve the brain itself positive and would therefore facilitate the schizophrenic patients.
this treatment torture then developed next to the insulin-shock to be triggered more easily to electric shock (Jack Nicholson in the movie "One Flew Over Cuckoo's Nest "), which is indeed to be applied in our days, when now under anesthesia with muscle-relaxing drugs -. Is discussed very controversial
But what happened then with the" sick "people during a Cardiazol-shock series as Erna Kronshage probably has a couple of times to join:
The historian and psychologist, Hans-Ludwig Siemen compared 1987 in his "people to stay on the line ...", p. 156, this ordeal with the following procedure :
The historian and psychologist, Hans-Ludwig Siemen compared 1987 in his "people to stay on the line ...", p. 156, this ordeal with the following procedure :
"You throw a strange way restrained people from the roof of a tall building and leave it until the last possible Engagement point to suffer through the death experience and more exciting just before impact, a jump mat. It rates to this method as therapy, which - not surprisingly really - a quality of experience, has the people, at least on time changes, " (see also the medical records in the documents on the behavior of Erna Kronshage)..
with such "final" chemically induced models experience certainly changed the biochemical metabolism in the brain, the neurotransmitter transmission in the neurotransmitters, which of course then - positive or negative - could influence behavior statements
The discipline aspect. of most of these therapies, in particular the painful and dangerous forced shock treatments, can be seen from psychiatric autobiographies. 1988 said the director of the psychiatric clinic Waldhaus in Chur, Benedikt Fontana, looking back over his unruly inmates Institution:
The discipline aspect. of most of these therapies, in particular the painful and dangerous forced shock treatments, can be seen from psychiatric autobiographies. 1988 said the director of the psychiatric clinic Waldhaus in Chur, Benedikt Fontana, looking back over his unruly inmates Institution:
"If they had bucked, we scare them."
effective as of the disciplinary effect of the shock therapy was - not least because they were feared by the patient - so they were ineffective as treatments.
sources - if not other mentioned: http://www.cerebromente.org.br/n04/historia/shock_i.htm - and - Thomas Huonker: Diagnosis: "morally defective"; castration Sterilization and "racial hygiene" in the service of the Swiss social policy and Psychiatry 1890 -1970, Zurich 2003 - A. Ebbinghaus include: healing and destruction in Mustergau Hamburg, 1984 - "Forgetting extermination is part of the self-destruction", 2007
image sources: http://www.hetoudegesticht.com/2009/03/06/1940-1950-cardiazolkuur-cardiazolshocktherapie Day room shelter Psychiatry (contemporary recording: Here Wunstorf hospital) - http://www.ub.edu/crai/pharmakoteka/index.php (Museu de la Farmacia Catalana)
METRAZOL-/CARDIAZOL-ANFALL IN YOUTUBE VIDEO
0 comments:
Post a Comment